Sólo 100 empresas son responsables del 71% de las emisiones globales de gases de efecto invernadero.

Sólo 100 empresas son responsables del 71 por ciento de las emisiones mundiales de gases de efecto invernadero en las últimas tres décadas, según ha encontrado un informe.

Y sólo 25 empresas han sido la fuente de más de la mitad de las emisiones desde 1988, según el nuevo estudio.

Los tres principales emisores de gases de efecto invernadero del mundo son gigantes de combustibles fósiles, incluyendo la Aramco Saudita, la industria del carbón de China y la Gazprom de Rusia, según el informe.

Además, el informe de las principales emisiones de carbono incluyó a las principales compañías de combustibles fósiles, como ExxonMobil, Shell, BP y Chevron, como algunos de los mayores emisores del mundo.

Pero la industria del carbón de China, que está formada por unas pocas empresas estatales o administradas, ha emitido 14,3 por ciento de gases de efecto invernadero desde 1988, convirtiéndolo en el mayor contribuyente global a las emisiones globales.

En comparación, la Aramco Saudita ha emitido apenas el 4,5 por ciento de los invernaderos, mientras que Gazprom liberó apenas el 3,9 por ciento.

Los gases de efecto invernadero estudiados por el informe incluían dióxido de carbono y metano.

El informe, que fue encargado por el proyecto de divulgación de carbono, señaló que en 1988, las empresas deberían haber sabido del efecto perjudicial de los gases de efecto invernadero en el medio ambiente.

"Sin embargo, la mayoría de las empresas han ampliado significativamente las actividades de extracción desde ese tiempo, mientras que las fuentes de energía primaria no carbono, como las renovables, han visto relativamente muy poca inversión", afirmaron los autores detrás del informe.

Aquí el listado de las compañías:



1. State-backed Chinese coal companies (14.3 per cent of emissions)

2. State-run Saudi Aramco (4.5 per cent of emissions)

3. Russia's Gazprom (3.9 per cent of emissions)

4. National Iranian Oil (2.3 per cent of emissions)

5. ExxonMobil Corp (2 per cent of emissions)

6. Coal India (1.9 per cent of emissions)

7. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) (1.9 per cent of emissions)

8. Russia (Coal) (1.9 per cent of emissions)

9. Royal Dutch Shell PLC (1.7 per cent of emissions)

10. China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) (1.6 per cent of emissions)

11. BP PLC (1.5 per cent of emissions)

12. Chevron Corp (1.3 per cent of emissions)

13. Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA) (1.2 per cent of emissions)

14. Abu Dhabi National Oil Co (1.2 per cent of emissions)

15. Poland Coal (1.2 per cent of emissions)

16. Peabody Energy Corp (1.2 per cent of emissions)

17. Sonatrach SPA (1.0 per cent of emissions)

18. Kuwait Petroleum Corp (1.0 per cent of emissions)

19. Total SA (0.9 per cent of emissions)

20. BHP Billiton Ltd (0.9 per cent of emissions)

21. ConocoPhillips (0.9 per cent of emissions)

22. Petroleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobras) (0.8 per cent of emissions)

23. Lukoil OAO (0.7 per cent of emissions)

24. Rio Tinto (0.7 per cent of emissions)

25. Nigerian National Petroleum Corp (0.7 per cent of emissions)

26. Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) (0.7 per cent of emissions)

27. Rosneft OAO (0.7 per cent of emissions)

28. Arch Coal Inc (0.6 per cent of emissions)

29. Iraq National Oil Co (0.6 per cent of emissions)

30. Eni SPA (0.6 per cent of emissions)

31. Anglo American (0.6 per cent of emissions)

32. Surgutneftegas OAO (0.6 per cent of emissions)

33. Alpha Natural Resources Inc (0.5 per cent of emissions)

34. Qatar Petroleum Corp (0.5 per cent of emissions)

35. PT Pertamina (0.5 per cent of emissions)

36. Kazakhstan Coal (0.5 per cent of emissions)

37. Statoil ASA (0.5 per cent of emissions)

38. National Oil Corporation of Libya (0.5 per cent of emissions)

39. Consol Energy Inc (0.5 per cent of emissions)

40. Ukraine Coal (0.5 per cent of emissions)

41. RWE AG (0.5 per cent of emissions)

42. Oil & Natural Gas Corp Ltd (0.4 per cent of emissions)

43. Glencore PLC (0.4 per cent of emissions)

44. TurkmenGaz (0.4 per cent of emissions)

45. Sasol Ltd (0.4 per cent of emissions)

46. Repsol SA (0.3 per cent of emissions)

47. Anadarko Petroleum Corp (0.3 per cent of emissions)

48. Egyptian General Petroleum Corp (0.3 per cent of emissions)

49. Petroleum Development Oman LLC (0.3 per cent of emissions)

50. Czech Republic Coal (0.3 per cent of emissions)

51. China Petrochemical Corp (Sinopec) (0.3 per cent of emissions)

52. China National Offshore Oil Corp Ltd (CNOOC) (0.3 per cent of emissions)

53. Ecopetrol SA (0.3 per cent of emissions)

54. Singareni Collieries Company (0.3 per cent of emissions)

55. Occidental Petroleum Corp (0.3 per cent of emissions)

56. Sonangol EP (0.3 per cent of emissions)

57. Tatneft OAO (0.2 per cent of emissions)

58. North Korea Coal (0.2 per cent of emissions)

59. Bumi Resources (0.2 per cent of emissions)

60. Suncor Energy Inc (0.2 per cent of emissions)

61. Petoro AS (0.2 per cent of emissions)

62. Devon Energy Corp (0.2 per cent of emissions)

63. Natural Resource Partners LP (0.2 per cent of emissions)

64. Marathon Oil Corp (0.2 per cent of emissions)

65. Vistra Energy (0.2 per cent of emissions)

66. Encana Corp (0.2 per cent of emissions)

67. Canadian Natural Resources Ltd (0.2 per cent of emissions)

68. Hess Corp (0.2 per cent of emissions)

69. Exxaro Resources Ltd (0.2 per cent of emissions)

70. YPF SA (0.2 per cent of emissions)

71. Apache Corp (0.2 per cent of emissions)

72. Murray Coal (0.2 per cent of emissions)

73. Alliance Resource Partners LP (0.1 per cent of emissions)

74. Syrian Petroleum Co (0.1 per cent of emissions)

75. Novatek OAO (0.1 per cent of emissions)

76. NACCO Industries Inc (0.1 per cent of emissions)

77. KazMunayGas (0.1 per cent of emissions)

78. Adaro Energy PT (0.1 per cent of emissions)

79. Petroleos del Ecuador (0.1 per cent of emissions)

80. Inpex Corp (0.1 per cent of emissions)

81. Kiewit Mining Group (0.1 per cent of emissions)

82. AP Moller (Maersk) (0.1 per cent of emissions)

83. Banpu Public Co Ltd (0.1 per cent of emissions)

84. EOG Resources Inc (0.1 per cent of emissions)

85. Husky Energy Inc (0.1 per cent of emissions)

86. Kideco Jaya Agung PT (0.1 per cent of emissions)

87. Bahrain Petroleum Co (BAPCO) (0.1 per cent of emissions)

88. Westmoreland Coal Co (0.1 per cent of emissions)

89. Cloud Peak Energy Inc (0.1 per cent of emissions)

90. Chesapeake Energy Corp (0.1 per cent of emissions)

91. Drummond Co (0.1 per cent of emissions)

92. Teck Resources Ltd (0.1 per cent of emissions)

93. Turkmennebit (0.1 per cent of emissions)

94. OMV AG (0.1 per cent of emissions)

95. Noble Energy Inc (0.1 per cent of emissions)

96. Murphy Oil Corp (0.1 per cent of emissions)

97. Berau Coal Energy Tbk PT (0.1 per cent of emissions)

98. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk PT (0.0% per cent of emissions)

99. Indika Energy Tbk PT (0.0 per cent of emissions)

100. Southwestern Energy Co (0.0 per cent of emissions)


Las emisiones fueron medidas desde el 1988 al 2015.

Fuente: The Carbon Majors Report